Abstract:
This study aimed to 1) study the process of participatory supervision for developing communication competency of ethnic students, 2) examine problems and needs for creating a participatory supervision manual, and 3) develop and verify the accuracy and appropriateness of the participatory supervision manual. The study was divided into three phases. The target group in the first phase consisted of 5 educational supervisors, 3 school directors, and 1 academic teacher. The second phase used a sample of 332 administrators and teachers. The third phase involved 5 experts. The research instruments included focus group discussions, questionnaires on problems and needs, and evaluation forms for verifying the manual's accuracy and appropriateness. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and content analysis. The findings revealed that: 1) The participatory supervision process for developing communication competencies of ethnic minority students consists of 6 steps: supervision preparation, establishing supervision models and guidelines, determining supervision tools, implementing supervision, post-supervision meetings, and supervision evaluation. 2) The overall problem level was high (x̄=3.88, S.D.=0.42), while the need for developing a supervision manual was at the highest level (x̄=4.67, S.D.=0.29). 3) The participatory supervision manual developed consists of 3 parts: Part 1 - Introduction, Part 2 - Operational Procedures, and Part 3 - Appendices. The manual clearly defines the roles and responsibilities of school directors, supervisors, and supervisees at each step. The participatory supervision manual for developing communication competencies of ethnic minority students for Chiang Mai Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 was validated for accuracy and appropriateness, with all items passing consensus. I've maintained the academic tone and structure of your research article while translating it into English. The translation includes all the key information, research methodology, findings, and statistical data from your original Thai text.