Perceived organizational justice, perceived purposes of performance appraisal and participation in performance appraisal predicting employee satisfaction with performance appraisal
Abstract:
The first phase of research was survey research. The objectives of the research were 1. To study the level of satisfaction with performance appraisal, perceived organizational justice, perceived purposes of performance appraisal and participation in performance appraisal of employees. 2. To study the relationship between perceived organizational justice, perceived purposes of performance appraisal, participation in performance appraisal and satisfaction with performance appraisal of employees. 3. To predict satisfaction with performance appraisal of employees with perceived organizational justice, perceived purposes of performance appraisal and participation in performance appraisal. The samples were 469 employees working at health insurance companies selected using purposive sampling. The instrument of the research was questionnaires. Statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, standard deviation, Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The research results showed 1. Employees were at level of almost satisfaction with performance appraisal, high level of organizational justice, and moderate level of perceived purposes of performance appraisal and participation in performance appraisal, 2. There was relationship between perceived organizational justice, perceived purposes of performance appraisal and participation in performance appraisal of employees and satisfaction with performance appraisal with statistical significance at .01 level, 3. Perceived organizational justice, perceived purposes of performance appraisal and participation in performance appraisal of employees accounted for 46.96 percent of variance in satisfaction with performance appraisal.
The second phase of the research was qualitative research. The objectives were to study the meanings of justice, signs expressed organizational justice and the ways for organization to develop justice toward employees in employee and supervisor opinions. Key informants consisted of 6 supervisors, 14 employees and 6 colleagues. Focus group discussion, interview and observation were employed to collect data. The results shown that justice mean equity, practice according with regulation, clear and acceptable rules and using same standard for everyone.
Signs which expressed distribute justice in organization were clear rules for distributing salary and welfare and trying to manipulate according with the rules, Amount of compensation should be equal to other organizations which did same business. Compensation should be fit with employee's qualification, position duty and responsibility. Compensation also was satisfied by subordinates and agreed with
their expectations.
Signs which expressed process justice were having reasonable, practicable and written criteria for performance appraisal. Performance appraisers should actually use criteria for appraisal.
Signs which expressed interaction justice were communicating criteria clearly to employees. Supervisors had equity to deal with each subordinate without bias. They also had broad mind to listen different ideas of subordinates and easily were accessed by their Subordinates.
The ways for organization which were used to express distribute justice for employees were compensation which was increased proportionally with employees in other organizations which do some business and with living cost. Organizations should announce salary policy and actually operate according with the policy.
For process justice, organizations should establish clear and practical criteria. Giving knowledge especially in performance appraisal for appraisers and giving opportunity for employees to participate in appraisal should be done.
Of the ways to develop interaction justice in organizations, supervisors should remember subordinate's performance and use them when they appraise their subordinates. Emotion, feeling and bias should be get rid of when should accept subordinate's opinions, coach and concern their subordinates. Delegating jobs for their subordinates should have same quantity and difficulty of job in same level.
The third phase of the research was an experimental research which was the pretest posttest control group design. The objectives were to compare satisfaction with performance appraisal of employees before and after participating the increasing perceived organizational justice training course and to compare satisfaction with performance appraisal of employees between experimental and control group. The 26 samples who were employees working at the life assurance organizations and had been appraised their performance at least one time. There were 2 groups which were experimental and control group. Each group had 13 employees. With Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, the results showed before and after experiment, the experimental group had different satisfaction with performance appraisal with statistical significance at .01 level (Z = -3.190; Sig. = .000). After experiment, the experimental group (Mean Rank = 19.04) had higher satisfaction with performance appraisal than before experiment (Mean Rank = 7.95) but before and after experiment, the control group did not have different satisfaction with performance appraisal (Z = -1.1 34; Sig. = .257), With Mann-Whitney U Test, the results showed after experiment, there was different satisfaction with performance appraisal between experimental and control group with statistical significance at .01 level (Mann-Whitney U = 12.00; Sig. = .000). The experimental group (Mean-Rank = 19.08) had higher satisfaction with performance appraisal than the control group (Mean Rank = 7.92).