Sasiprapa Khunchai.. Nuclear localization of dengue virus nonstructural protein 5 the induction of Rantes production by activation of NF-[kappa]B. Doctoral Degree(Immunology). Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center. : Mahidol University, 2013.
Nuclear localization of dengue virus nonstructural protein 5 the induction of Rantes production by activation of NF-[kappa]B
Abstract:
Dengue virus (DENV) infection can cause a severe and potentially lifethreatening disease dengue hemorrhangic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Currently, no licensed vaccine or specific drug is available and the pathogenic mechanism of DENV infection is still unclear. Excessive cytokine secretion the so called cytokine storm, positively correlating with increased vascular permeability, leading to plasma leakage a hallmark of DHF/DSS. Among ten DENV proteins, non-structural protein 5 (NS5) shows a predominant role in several types of cytokine production including IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, and IFN- y-. DENV NS5 also activates the NF-[kappa]B function involved in cytokine production. Even though some cytokine genes have been found to be induced by DENV NS5, other DHF/DSSimmunopathogenic mediators have remained mysterious. Therefore, this work aims to investigate the induction of other cytokines by DENV NS5 and study the molecular mechanism how DENV NS5 mediates the cytokine production. Inflammatory cytokine gene expression profiles in HEK 293 cells infected with DENV 2 were screened by RT2 Profiler PCR Array. The cytokines that were up-regulated were studied in HEK 293 cells transfected with plasmid constructs expressing wild-type NS5 (WT-NS5) or mutated NS5 (MT-NS5). MT-NS5 was mutated at its nuclear localization sequences (NLS) to inhibit the protein entering into the nucleus. Then, DENV NS5-induced cytokines were selected and tested for differential expression when DENV NS5 is located both within and outside or only outside the nucleus. The luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to determine the influence of DENV NS5 on the cytokine gene promoter and NF-[kappa]B involvement. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was employed to examine the DNA-binding ability of NF- [kappa]B on such a gene promoter. The results demonstrated that RANTES, which can increase vascular permeability, was predominantly induced by DENV WT-NS5, but not by MT-NS5, at both mRNA and protein levels. Nuclear DENV WT-NS5 activated the RANTES promoter as detected by luciferase reporter assay. Increased DNA-binding activity of NF-[kappa]B on the RANTES promoter was also demonstrated by ChIP assay. Furthermore, nuclear DENV WTNS5 interacted with an NF-[kappa]B inhibitor, Daxx, suggesting that this interaction may liberate NF-[kappa]B to activate the RANTES promoter. Taken together, DENV NS5 can activate RANTES production via its interaction with Daxx which may then liberate NF-[kappa]B to bind and activate the RANTES promoter.