WASH conditions and WTP for public service improvement in Slums, Hlaing Tharya Township, Yangon

สถานการณ์เรื่องน้ำการสุขาภิบาล และสุขอนามัยในชุมชนแออัดเลียงทาย่า นครย่างกุ้ง และการประมาณการความเต็มใจจ่ายเพื่อการจัดหาน้ำสะอาด

Name: Ei, Mon Win

ThaSH: Sanitation -- Myanmar

Classification :.DDC: 363.72

ThaSH: Slums -- Myanmar

ThaSH: Slums -- Sanitation

ThaSH: Water-supply -- Myanmar

ThaSH: Public utilities -- Myanmar

Abstract: This research sought to understand the local context of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in peri-urban slums, in the Hlaing Tharya Township in Yangon City. The survey consists of three parts: (1) Baseline conditions of WASH; (2) Contingent Valuation to find the willingness to pay (WTP) for public services in areas like downtown Yangon, and (3) Mobile phone and internet usage, and their use for intervention via phone and the internet. For the first purpose, a descriptive summary and binary logistic regression are used, while, for second and third objectives, a truncated regression is used to detect factors affecting on WTP and mobile phone use. The overall condition of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) is unsurprisingly worse among the poor (i.e., “renters” and “squatters”) and the poorly educated. Four hundred and two households were surveyed, showing that squatters are vulnerable; they frequently lack access to a source of safe drinking water. Unsurprisingly, years of schooling shows a positive correlation to the use of clean water and sanitary water for cooking. In the case of sharing a latrine, “rent” households are the most at risk. Almost two-thirds of “rent” households share latrines while the World Health Organization (WHO) recognises that sharing a latrine by more than one household is unsafe and unsanitary. Also, the practice of waste disposal at the appropriate place is positively correlated with the year of schooling and the duration of settlement. In other words, the longer the years in school, and the longer the time that a family has settled in urban, the more likely is the family to engage in appropriate disposal of household waste. Three kinds of WTP were explored: first, for a piped water system; second, for disinfecting the piped water; and third, for an effective system to manage solid wastes. The mean WTP for piped and solid waste management is about 2.5 times higher than the current government tax in downtown Yangon. This suggests that public projects to improve WASH conditions are worth developing. What is more, there is a positive correlation of WTP to income. This shows that an increase in WTP for these public services in the future could be contributed by potential economic development in Myanmar. It is interesting to note that WTP for waste and piped water public services is higher in “squatters”, relative to “owners” and “renters.” This might be seen as a kind of land tenure strengthening strategy. In sum, slum residents are much willing and want to rely on public service since their agreement to scenario is 99.9 %, regardless of having own well or consuming safe purified drinking water. The main sources of health information are broadcasting media, followed by nearby neighbourhoods. Overall, 94% of households have at least one mobile phone, and 67% of the population (>15 years) in the sample households include cell phone users. However, squatters have relatively few cell phones, and little Internet use, compared to others. Nonetheless, hypothesis of using a mobile phone as an intervention tool is still valid, largely because of the overall number of subscribers and a spillover effect from neighbourhoods nearby. In sum, the government should expand piped water services and upgrade waste services to the same levels as downtown Yangon because not only is there a higher WTP than current public service taxes in downtown, but the poor are much more vulnerable; they require access to safe water and waste disposal and can ill-afford the costs of using private services.

Chiang Mai University Library

Address: Chiang Mai

Email: cmulibref@cmu.ac.th

Name: Carolyn M. Porta

Role: Chairman

Name: Manoj Potapohn

Role: Member

Name: Rossarin Osathanunkul

Role: Member

Created: 2017

Modified: 2018-09-28

Issued: 2018-09-28

วิทยานิพนธ์/Thesis

application/pdf

CallNumber: Th 363.72 E34W

eng

DegreeName: Master of Economics

Level: Master's Degree

Grantor: Chiang Mai University

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1	econ70817emw_full.pdf	3.74 MB	14	2025-10-08 23:12:05

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