Abstract:
This study aims to 1) analyze factors and differences of community learning that affect the community learning for enhancing its ability in Geographical Indication Management towards social entrepreneurship and 2) to propose a community learning model for enhancing its ability in Geographical Indication Management towards social entrepreneurship. The study is a qualitative research that comprises 3 methods 1) documentary study, 2) observation, and 3) structured interview. The communities selected are divided into 2 groups; each consists of three communities. There are altogether 6 communities in the study. The communities are divided into two groups, one is a group of the communities with Geographical Indication products at creation, protection, and enforcement stages while the other is a group of communities with similar products at one stage each. The informants are residents of the community, government officials, and educators of educational institutes in the community. The drafted model was the invented from the analysis of data from the 6 communities, and was tested in the seventh community before proposing the model respectively. The findings are as follows 1) The study shows that there is a difference in community learning and factors that affects its learning ability at each stage on the following topic: 1.1) At the creation stage the learning focuses on cooperative learning, realization the value of local products through group activities, sharing knowledge, conveying local wisdom from within the community or nearby neighboring community. The learning at the product production areas, learning centers, and education institutes takes place in a vertical pattern between government sectors as knowledge providers, and community leaders as knowledge receivers. The important factors on learning lie in the fact that the leaders realize the value and price of Geographical Indication. The leaders, who might be informal, form groups of people in the community and support cooperative learning among them with an aim to impose rules and regulations on using resources that can be Geographical Indication in an appropriate and balancing manner in economic and environmental dimensions. 1.2) At the stage of right protection, the learning focuses on economic and Geographical Indication Management through trainings, meetings, seminars arranged by the concerned government sectors. Learning was interacted in a form of cooperation between government sectors and community leaders. The significant learning factors were the supporting government sectors and the implementation of laws in relation to the protection of Geographical Indication Management of the people in the community. 1.3) At the implementation and right protection stage, the learning community focuses on building ownership status as a mean to implement and protect the misuse of Geographical Indication. The emphasis is placed on self-learning of the community or the stakeholders. The learning was supported formally and officially through laws by the government sectors in case there was a misuse. 2) There are differences in community learning pattern at each stage of Geographical Indication Management. However, each stage of learning should be holistic. Therefore, the community should learn more to prepare the community with the ability to manage Geographical Indication on a basis of Sufficiency Economy Philosophy to keep balance between social, economic, and environment. As a result, actors should be community leaders who understand social entrepreneurship principles and build interactions in cooperative learning among three parties: government sectors, higher education institutes, and communities.