Wandee Udomchaiprasertkul. Expression and subcellular localization of wild-type and mutant kidney anion exchanger 1 fused with Fluorescent protein and Epttope Tag . Master's Degree(Immunology). Mahidol University. : Mahidol University, 2006.
Expression and subcellular localization of wild-type and mutant kidney anion exchanger 1 fused with Fluorescent protein and Epttope Tag
Abstract:
Mutations of anion exchanger 1 (AE1) encoding kidney anion exchanger 1 (kAE1) that
exchanges Cl-/HCO3
- at basolateral membrane of kidney α–intercalated cells can result in distal
renal tubular acidosis (dRTA). Interestingly, almost all AE1 mutations do not cause abnormal
anion transport function but usually result in impaired kAE1 trafficking to the cell membrane.
AE1 G701D is a common missense mutation causing autosomal recessive (AR) dRTA in
homozygous or compound heterozygous condition, frequently observed in Thai and Southeast
Asian populations. A compound heterozygous AE1 G701D/SAO mutation is often found in
Thai and other Southeast Asian patients with AR dRTA and ovalocytosis. The defects of mutant
kAE1 proteins encoded from AE1 G701D and SAO mutations are distinct. kAE1 G701D is
functional if it can traffic to the cell surface, which occurs in red cells but this will depend on the
presence of glycophorin A (GPA) in Xenopus oocytes. kAE1 SAO is, however, functionally
inactive although it can traffic normally to the surface of both red cells and oocytes. In cultured
mammalian cells, the individually expressed kAE1 G701D and kAE1 SAO showed trafficking
defect with predominantly intracellular retention. However, it is not known what would happen
if kAE1 G701D and kAE1 SAO are co-expressed in cultured mammalian cells, which mimic the
compound heterozygous AE1 G701D/SAO condition in human kidney cells. This study thus
aimed to investigate the expression and co-expression of kAE1 SAO and kAE1 G701D in
HEK293 cells by using green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion and hemagglutinin A (HA)
tagging to follow their expression and localization by confocal microscopy in both transiently
and stably expressing cells. GFP-kAE1, GFP-kAE1 G701D, and GFP-kAE1 SAO fusion
proteins were found to be expressed in HEK239 cells when they were initially analyzed by
Western blot method. While GFP-kAE1 was co-localized with a surface marker-CD147, GFPkAE1
G701D and GFP-kAE1 SAO were intracellularly retained when they were individually
expressed. Co-expression of kAE1-HA with either GFP-kAE1 G701D or GFP-kAE1 SAO
could rescue cell surface expression of both mutant proteins, consistent with previous
observations. In co-expression of GFP-kAE1 G701D with kAE1 SAO-HA, both mutant
proteins were intracellularly retained and seemingly without cell surface expression in both
transiently and stably expressing HEK293 cells, indicating their severely impaired trafficking.
This is most likely the explanation for the molecular mechanism of AR dRTA associated with
compound heterozygous AE1 G701D/SAO condition in patients for whom the trafficking
impairment and intracellular retention of these kAE1 mutant proteins lead to the absence of
functional kAE1 at the basolateral membrane of kidney α-intercalated cells