Sudarat Chaichalearm. Cadmium removal by immobilized and free cell of cyanobacteria in a batch system . Master's Degree(Environmental Sanitation). Mahidol University. : Mahidol University, 2006.
Cadmium removal by immobilized and free cell of cyanobacteria in a batch system
Abstract:
Cadmium removal from aqueous solution (1 mg/l ) was investigated using four strains
of filamentous cyanobacteria, Scytonema sp., Oscillatoria agardhi, Mastigocladus sp. and
Hapalosiphon hibernicus immobilized on eight types of immobilized material such as loofa
sponge (LS), delicate duty scour pad (DP), synthetic fiber (SF), polyethylene terepthalate
(PET), polyethylene terepthalate (PET non-woven fabric), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene
(PP) and polyurethane (PU). The results showed that immobilized cells on SF and free cell of
Scytonema sp. and H. hibernicus had the highest cadmium removal at 93.31%, 94.80% and
85.14%, 98.32%, respectively. Immobilized ability and dry weight per surface area (DW/SA)
were highest at 96.00%, 0.0033 g cell/cm2 and 97.45%, 0.0023 g cell/cm2 for Scytonema sp.
immobilized on PET and H. hibernicus immobilized on SF, respectively. Initial cell
concentration influencing cadmium uptake at 0.015, 0.030, 0.045 and 0.060 g dry wt. were
studied. The optimum cell at 0.015 g dry wt. was selected for extended experimentation
because it had the highest uptake at 4.24, 7.64 and 3.56 mg Cd/g dry wt. for immobilized cells
on SF, PET and free cell of Scytonema sp., respectively. While immobilized cells on SF, PET
and free cells of H. hibernicus which were the highest at 5.51, 7.03 and 5.87 mg Cd/g dry wt.,
respectively. The Langmuir isotherm could explain the cadmium adsorption. Immobilzed cells
on SF, PET and free cells of Scytonema sp. had the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) at
26.74, 37.74 and 31.95 mg/g dry wt. and binding constant (kb) at 6.45, 2.14 and 2.70 l/mg,
respectively when R2 >0.96 while immobilized cells on SF, PET and free cells of H.
hibernicus had qmax at 57.80, 64.52 and 59.17 mg/g dry wt. and kb at 1.57, 2.07 and 1.50 l/mg,
respectively when R2 >0.99. The uptake of cadmium was affected by cell ages at 5, 10, 15 and
20 days. Immobilized cells on SF, PET and free cells at age 15 days of Scytonema sp. had the
highest uptake at 5.64, 5.71, 5.67 mg Cd/g dry wt., respectively. While immobilized cells on
SF, PET and free cell of H. hibernicus were 9.05, 9.96 and 8.46 mg Cd/g dry wt., respectively.
The ultrastructure changes of both strains exposed to 1 mg/l of cadmium were observed under
transmission electron microscope. Cells were damaged and convoluted in cell surface and
intracellular organelle. Electron dense particles deposited in the cell wall and internal
organelle of H. hibernicus but indistinctly found in the cell of Scytonema sp. indicated that
cadmium uptake was probably mechanism with adsorption in cell membrane and accumulated
in the intracellular organelle. Therefore, immobilized cells on SF and PET of Scytonema sp.
and H. hibernicus have the potential to remove cadmium in wide spread low cadmium
contaminated natural water as in rivers or channels and can be applied in shrimp ponds.