Abstract:
The purpose of this research was to prepare oil-modified alkyd resins using an
alcoholysis process. Waste cooking oil as monobasic acid, glycerol as polyhydric
alcohol, phthalic anhydride as dibasic acid and a mixture of NaOH, H2O and
glycerol as the catalyst were used. Important properties of oil such as acid value,
iodine value and composition of fatty acids were investigated. The reaction trend
was also studied at various times from the acid value of the mixture. Functional
groups of the reactants and products were analyzed using FT-IR spectroscopy. The
important properties such as acid value, viscosity and non-volatile matter were
characterized by a standard method. The results were compared with alkyd resins
from palm olein oil which use TISI 618-2529 (1986) as the standard for selecting
suitable conditions. In addition, all data were statistically analyzed by 2
independent samples tests; Mann-Whitney Tests, at a 95% confidence interval.
Based on the results received, it can be concluded that waste cooking oil can
be utilized as a raw material for alkyd resin production. The optimum condition
was at 35%w/w oil with the reaction time of 160 min. These alkyd resins have a
acid value, viscosity and non-volatile matter of 13.28 mg.KOH/g., 17.60 stoke and
59.05 %w/w, respectively. For alkyd resins from palm olein oil, they have an
optimum condition at 35 %w/w oil, with 100 min. of reaction time. These alkyd
resins have acid value, viscosity and non-volatile matter of 11.25 mg.KOH/g.,
17.60 and 59.17 %w/w, respectively. Although alkyd resins from waste cooking oil
(AR_WCO) used more reaction time than alkyd resins from palm olein oil
(AR_PO), AR_WCO is more friendly environmentally than AR_PO because it is
recycled waste. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that waste cooking oil is a
considerably better alternative for oil-modified alkyd resin production.