Urasa Darnpanid. The effect of phospholipid as penetration enhancer on skin permeation of ketoprofen . Master's Degree(Pharmaceutics). Mahidol University. : Mahidol University, 2004.
The effect of phospholipid as penetration enhancer on skin permeation of ketoprofen
Abstract:
Currently, rheumatoid arthritis is treated with ketoprofen taken orally which
cause gastric irritation and also by topical gels which deliver the drug only to the skin
surface. This study aimed to develop a transdermal delivery system for ketoprofen.
To enhance the permeation of ketoprofen, phospholipid as penetration enhancer was
studied. Two forms of liposomes were prepared (i) ethosomes containing phospholipid
and ethanol (ii) ultradeformable liposomes containing phospholipid and surfactant
(sodium cholate or span 80). The solubility of ketoprofen in various ethanol in water
solution was determined. In vitro skin permeation of ketoprofen in the various
formulae and a commercial gel were investigated using human epidermis. The
concentrations of ketoprofen used were 20.5 mg/g and 15.3 mg/g in ethosomes and
ultradeformable liposomes, respectively. The ethosome B3 formula containing 20%
phospholipid, 30% ethanol and 50% water gave the best flux of 380.8 μg/cm2/h, which
was higher than the theoretical flux (346.5 μg/cm2/h). The action of ultradeformable
liposomes on skin permeation of ketoprofen gave the higher flux when applied to fresh
skin, and remained the same when applied to skin that was kept at -20°C up to 1 week.
But the flux decreased when applied to skin that was kept at -20°C for 2 months. An
evaluation of stability showed that the ethosome formulae retained the form of
liposome for a longer time and it showed a higher entrapment capacity than the
ultradeformable liposome. Compared with a commercial topical gel, ethosome
formula B3 showed a higher permeation rate. Therefore, transdermal delivery of
ketoprofen should be adopted.