Abstract:
Vetiver grass is a plant that has long roots and is important to used in soil and water conservation. Leaves of vetiver grass will have cut every three mouths. Thus, they are by products that should be used in other ways. Today, many researchers reported that some plant extracts had antibacterial properties against bacterial pathogen. Therefore, this research aimed to study phytochemical and antibacterial activity of 12 vetiver grass extracts including Maehongson, Maetae, Srilanka, Chiangmai, Prarachatan, Songkhla 3, Kanchanaburi, Phitsanulok, Prangkwa, Chanthaburi, Nakhonsawan and Huaikhakhang. Leaves of vetiver grass were extracted by using 4 solvents; water, ethanol, acetone and hexane. The vetiver grass extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening tests. The results showed that saponin, tannin and flavonoids present in vetiver grass extracted by water. Ethnolic extracts showed terpenoids tannin and flavonoids, while some vetiver grass extracted by acetone showed terpenoids and flavonoids. In contract, hexane extracts were not found all phytochemistry. The highest content of phenolic compounds was obtained Huaikhakhang aqueous extracts. In latter time, all vetiver grass extracts were determined the bacteria growth inhibition of 3 group pathogenic bacteria including skin pathogen group namely Staphylococcus aureus DMST 8840, Streptococcus pyogenes DMST 30653, Propionibacterium acnes DMST 14916 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa DMST 4739, oral and throat pathogen group namely Streptococcus mutans DMST 18771, Streptococcus sobrinus DMST 35719 and Moraxella catarrhalis DMST 17121, gastrointestinal tract pathogen group namely Escherichia coli DMST 4212, Salmonella Typhi DMST 22842, Shigella flexneri DMST 4423, and Listeria monocytogenes DMST 17203 by disc diffusion method. In skin pathogen group bacterial inhibition, Prarachatan ethanolic extracts shows highest activity against S. pyogenes. About oral and throat pathogen group bacterial inhibition, Prarachatan ethanolic extracts showed highest activity against S. mutans. However, only L. monocytogenes in gastrointestinal tract pathogen was sensitive to vetiver grass extracts. All of aqueous extracts were not showed inhibition zone. The results showed that Maetae, Phitsanulok, Prangkwa Chiangmai and Nakhonsawan ethanolic and acetone extracts had minimum value of MIC of 62.5 mg/ml, and MBC of 125 mg/ml.