Abstract:
Climate change is a major concern for building design and construction industry today. Carbon dioxide is a large portion of greenhouse gas since every activity process relates to fossil fuel energy source. The study started with life cycle processes as material manufacture and its transportation, construction period, and using stage. The carbon balance idea in building industry has been developed to find out how and economic ways to apply. The conventional buildings were evaluated from cradle to grave, then, the new design of Encyclopedia library was conducted. Meanwhile, the carbon dioxide reduction alternatives were explored. Therefore, tree and green area were introduced as carbon sink. The same building area is a fixed variable. Building material of conventional building requires 264.16-499.64 kWh/sq.m./year or 64,613.61-12,2211.98 kWh/year as total comsumption. Encyclopedia library requires only requires 49.85 kWh/sq.m./year or 12,192.38 kWh/year as total comsumption. The carbon dioxide emissions during construction of conventional building is 67.64-105.83 kg. of carbon dioxide per sq.m. and the library is 28.10 kg. of carbon dioxide per sq.m. Conventional building has 145.55-275.30 kg. of carbon dioxide per sq.m. per year during using stage while the Encyclopedia library has only 27.47 kg. of carbon dioxide per sq.m. per year. From literatures, green area could absorb carbon dioxide from 0.6-6.51 kg./sq.m./yr. Finally, based on average carbon dioxide sink data, conventional building requires 55.13-104.28 sq.m. of green area for each square meter of usable area while Encyclopedia library building requires only 10.40 sq.m. during using stage. For construction process, conventional building needs 25.62-40.09 sq.m. of green area per each square meter of construction. The Encyclopedia library requires only 10.65 sq.m. of green area per each square meter of construction. Along with this approach, each building material industry required its own green area to make carbon balance. The construction company is also similar. It needs its own carbon sink green area as capital cost for each square meter of building construction annually, global warming is occurring currently.