Abstract:
This research project aims at the development of nursing standard for breast cancer patient. The nursing standards are extracted from the values of breast cancer patients, physicians and nurses. This study was conducted with 3 focus groups. The members of the first focus group were 11 patients, the members of the second of focus group were 10 physicians, and the members of the third group were 13 nurses. The analysis of values expressed from the 3 focus groups were used to develop 3 videotapes. The videotapes are breast self examination, exercise after mastectomy, and nursing standard for before and after mastectomy. The videotapes were revised after being validated for content, reliability, and efficiency. Guidelines for nurses and for mastectomy patients were also developed. For the efficiency of both guidelines, the tests were conducted with 20 samples each. All participants were very pleased about the usefulness and the appropriateness of each guideline. The first focus group mentioned 11 values or issues: the breast as a symbol of femininity, feeling upon being diagnosed with cancer, seeking help and information, the idea / belief that cancer is hereditary, preparing for breast surgery, arranging for post surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, income and expense, sexuality, and recommendations. The second focus group mentioned 9 issues: diagnosis and necessity for surgery, treatment before mastectomy, treatment after mastectomy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, expenses, prevention and screening of breast cancer, nursing roles, and recommendation. The last focus group mentioned 6 issues; holistic nursing care, nursing process, model of nursing practice for breast cancer, bio-psycho-social nursing, research to enhance quality of nursing care, and recommendations. The development of the nursing standard for breast cancer patient in this study, consists of 7 standards: 1) assessment of problems and needs of the patient. 2) nursing diagnosis, 3) nursing care plan and intervention according to the plan, 4) discharge planning and intervention according to the plan, 5) nursing evaluation. 6) nursing record, and 7) provide information and respect the patient’s right. The efficiency of the 3 video-tapes were reflected statistically significant increase in the score of post-test in comparing to the pre-test at the level of .001. The target groups were also very pleased bout the plots, explanations and applications.